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Hydroponic crop production on any scale is a precise science. You will be able to work out to the last cent what you will need to purchase to ensure good results. At any garden centre where hydroponic supplies are sold, you will be able to draw on the knowledge and expertise of the staff to make sure you are buying the right products for the plants you plan to grow.

Apart from the seeds or seedlings you buy, there are a number of items you will need, namely containers in which to grow the plants, water distribution pipes, growing medium (unless you are planning a medium-free system) and, of course, nutrients. Let us discuss each of these in turn.

Containers

A very popular container is a plastic pipe that has been cut vertically down the middle. It can be as long as 50 metres long. It creates a wonderful trough that you can fill with your medium. It is waterproof so you will not lose any precious water. Other popular containers include growing bags and perlite boxes. Both of these types tend to retain water so you need to include that fact in your calculations of your plants’ water requirements.

Water distribution pipes

Apart from sunlight or indoor garden lamps, the availability of clean water is the most important factor for guaranteeing healthy plants. You may need a filtration system, and you definitely will need drip pipes for watering your hydroponics garden. An expert in hydroponic supplies can tell you more about this important matter.

Growing medium

There is a wide variety of growing media available including

• gravel
• sand
• wood chips
• Rockwool
• Perlite
• coco coir

Bear in mind that gravel and sand can be extremely heavy to transport and carry, particularly in large quantities. Coco coir is plentiful, cheap, lightweight and clean, making it a firm favourite.
Nutrients

Hydroponic nutrients fall into three categories: primary, secondary and trace nutrients. Every crop requires different combinations of these, which are easily administered when dissolved in water.
The primary nutrients are potassium, calcium and nitrogen. These are found in the greatest concentrations in all plants. The secondary nutrients are phosphorous and magnesium.

Finally there are the trace elements which are found in extremely small quantities. However, they should not be discounted. They are important hydroponic nutrients and their absence could cause a plant’s foliage, fruit and flowers to be sub-standard. Among the trace nutrients are iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum.

Hydroponics is the science of growing plants in an aerated solution of water containing dissolved natural mineral salts. The plants may be supported by an inert growing medium (in other words not soil) or held in place by other techniques.

Because human knowledge of plant physiology has expanded rapidly in the past fifty years or so, it is increasingly possible to grow excellent crops by applying such knowledge to hydroponic growing systems.
Essentially, this knowledge provides growers with vital information regarding the needs of plants and the conditions required for efficient growth, flowering and fruiting. This has encouraged the development of hydroponic plant production and the refinement of the techniques involved in successfully producing crops using this method.

Other factors that have encouraged growers to adopt this method include

• the effect on soil-grown crops of water-borne diseases and parasites;
• the desire of growers to reduce the labour involved in soil growing;
• the world-wide degradation of fertile soils; and
• the desire to increase yields at a competitive price.

The high level of control of the growing environment makes this way of cultivating plants so exciting for growers. No longer is successful crop production subject to the vagaries and unpredictability of soils, climate and seasons. Add to the aspect of control a high skill level, and you have a recipe for incredible hydroponic success.

Nonetheless there are still many experts and qualified people in the fields of agriculture and horticulture who feel that growing plants without soil is unacceptable. However, growing plants in a medium or simply in a nutrient solution follows much the same set of rules as growing in soil. The physical growing conditions, aeration, water and light requirements are practically identical Hydroponics attempts to provide these in a balanced way in a more controlled environment.

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